Standards for Barcodes and 2D Symbols
    Standards

    Standards for Barcodes and 2D Symbols

    The GS1 standards that enable automatic information capture through scanning.

    Back to Standards for Automatic Data Capture
    The bridge between physical and digital

    From the physical product to digital information

    Barcodes and 2D symbols turn GS1 identifiers and their associated information into a format that can be read automatically by equipment and computer systems.

    These standards form the bridge between physical products and digital information, enabling identification, traceability and efficient data exchange across the entire supply chain.

    The GS1 system

    What role do they play in the GS1 system?

    1

    You identify

    You use identification keys such as GTIN, GLN or SSCC.

    2

    You capture

    You represent these identifiers in barcodes, 2D symbols or other data carriers.

    3

    You share

    You transmit the information to partners, systems and applications using GS1 data exchange standards.

    Symbol families

    GS1 symbol families

    GS1 manages several types of symbols, each optimised for a particular business process or scanning environment.

    1D category

    Linear codes (1D)

    EAN/UPC

    The most widespread GS1 standard for identifying products at the point of sale.

    • Used in retail and e-commerce
    • Encodes GTIN
    • Recognised worldwide
    Symbology
    1D
    Capacity
    13 digits (EAN-13) / 8 digits (EAN-8)
    GS1 keys
    GTIN-13, GTIN-8
    Omnidirectional
    Yes
    Attributes
    No

    GS1 DataBar

    A compact symbol that can include additional product information.

    • Ideal for fresh produce
    • Can include weight, batch or expiry date
    • Compatible with POS applications
    Symbology
    1D (+ composite component)
    Capacity
    Up to 74 numeric / 41 alphanumeric
    GS1 keys
    GTIN, GCN
    Omnidirectional
    Yes (POS variants)
    Attributes
    Yes (weight, batch, expiry)

    GS1-128

    The standard used in logistics and traceability.

    • Encodes all GS1 keys
    • Can include serial number, batch, expiry, quantity and other attributes
    • Used on logistics labels and in healthcare
    Symbology
    1D
    Capacity
    48 alphanumeric
    GS1 keys
    All GS1 keys
    Omnidirectional
    No
    Attributes
    Yes (batch, expiry, weight)

    ITF-14

    A symbol designed for logistics packaging.

    • Optimised for printing on cardboard
    • Used for multipacks and transport units
    • Not intended for points of sale
    Symbology
    1D
    Capacity
    14 numeric
    GS1 keys
    GTIN
    Omnidirectional
    No
    Attributes
    No
    2D category

    Two-dimensional symbols (2D)

    GS1 DataMatrix

    A compact symbol for serialisation and traceability.

    • Widely used in healthcare
    • Can include serial number, batch and expiry date
    • Recommended for products with limited labelling space
    Symbology
    2D
    Capacity
    3,116 numeric / 2,335 alphanumeric
    GS1 keys
    All GS1 keys
    Omnidirectional
    Yes
    Attributes
    Yes (batch, expiry, URL)

    GS1 QR Code

    The new generation of GS1 symbols.

    • Compatible with GS1 Digital Link
    • Supports the Digital Product Passport
    • Provides access to digital information with a single scan
    Symbology
    2D
    Capacity
    7,089 numeric / 4,296 alphanumeric
    GS1 keys
    All GS1 keys
    Omnidirectional
    Yes
    Attributes
    Yes (batch, expiry, URL)
    SUNRISE 2027

    Why is the industry moving to 2D codes?

    2D codes allow a single symbol to be used for multiple purposes.

    Product identification
    Traceability and serialisation
    Sustainability information
    Digital Product Passport
    Authentication and anti-counterfeiting
    Consumer information
    Guide

    Choosing the right symbol

    If you want to...
    Recommended symbol
    Identify products in retail
    EAN/UPC
    Mark multipacks and logistics packaging
    ITF-14
    Manage logistics traceability
    GS1-128
    Mark products with limited space
    GS1 DataMatrix
    Connect the product to digital information
    GS1 QR Code
    Prepare the Digital Product Passport
    GS1 QR Code